
- Instructor: MARLIANA BINTI OMAR BAKHI
- Instructor: AIDA LINA BT ALIAS
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Universal Design of Learning (UDL) provides flexibility in how information is presented, how students respond or demonstrate knowledge and skills, and how students are engaged. The design reduces instructional barriers, provides appropriate accommodations, supports, and challenges, and maintains high achievement expectations for all students, including those with disabilities and those who are limited English proficient. UDL is not merely a set of technical checkboxes; it is a pedagogical philosophy that recognizes learner variability as the norm, not the exception. By shifting the burden of adaptation from the student to the course design, UDL creates a truly inclusive digital ecosystem.